Prostate health is a cornerstone of men’s overall well-being. Conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate cancer can significantly affect quality of life. Globally, prostate cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men, with over 1.4 million new cases annually. In Nigeria, it is among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in men.
This article blends global medical recommendations with local Nigerian context to provide practical, evidence-based strategies for maintaining prostate health.
The prostate gland, is a small, walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra just below the bladder. Its primary function is to produce a fluid that mixes with sperm from the testicles to form semen. Muscles in the prostate contract during ejaculation to forcefully push this fluid out through the urethra
The prostate gland, though small, plays a vital role in male reproductive and urinary health. Prostate health is a vital aspect of men’s overall wellness, yet it’s often overlooked until problems arise. The prostate gland plays a crucial role in the male reproductive system, producing fluids that make up semen and regulating urine flow.
Functions of Prostate gland
The prostate gland is a walnut-sized gland located below the bladder, surrounding the urethra. As men age, the prostate gland can become enlarged, leading to BPH, which affects up to 50% of men over 50. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases in 2020.
A non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate causing:
Weak urine flow
Frequent urination
Nighttime urination
Dribbling
Inflammation or infection of the prostate.
Symptoms include:
Pelvic pain
Burning during urination
Painful ejaculation
Frequent urination
One of the most common cancers in men.
Early stages often have no symptoms, making screening essential.
Seek medical evaluation if you experience:
Tomatoes & Lycopene: Antioxidants may reduce prostate cancer risk.
Cruciferous Vegetables: Broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower contain protective compounds.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fish like salmon and sardines, they reduce inflammation.
Nuts & Seeds: Pumpkin seeds provide zinc, essential for prostate function.
Whole Grains & Legumes: Fiber supports hormonal balance and digestion.
Processed Meats: High in saturated fats and preservatives.
Excess Dairy: Some studies suggest a link to increased prostate cancer risk.
Sugary Drinks & Refined Carbs: Contribute to obesity, a known risk factor.
💡 Tip: Adapt the Mediterranean diet to Nigerian cuisine by emphasizing beans, fish, fresh vegetables, and local fruits.
High consumption may increase prostate cancer risk; opt for plant-based proteins.
Regular Physical Activity: At least 150 minutes of moderate exercise weekly improves circulation and hormone regulation.
Weight Management: Obesity increases risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
Stress Reduction: Yoga, meditation, or prayer can lower cortisol, which influences inflammation.
Avoid Smoking & Excess Alcohol: Both are linked to higher cancer risk.
Weight Management Tips:
Chronic stress can worsen urinary symptoms and inflammation.
Effective approaches include:
Deep breathing
Meditation
Yoga
Regular sleep routines
Limiting stimulants like caffeine
Poor sleep is linked to increased urinary symptoms and higher inflammation.
Helpful habits:
Consistent sleep schedule
Dark, quiet bedroom
Reduced screen time before bed
Avoiding caffeine after 3 pm
Early detection saves lives.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Recommended from age 50, or earlier (age 45) for African men or those with family history.
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Detects abnormalities in prostate size and texture.
Annual Check-Ups: Essential for men over 50.
Alpha-blockers
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
Minimally invasive procedures (TURP, laser therapy, UroLift)
Antibiotics (for bacterial cases)
Anti-inflammatory medication
Warm baths
Pelvic floor therapy
Active surveillance (early stages)
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Hormonal therapy
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
Your doctor will tailor treatment based on age, cancer stage, PSA levels, and overall health.
– Acupuncture: May relieve pain and urinary symptoms.
– Mindfulness & Meditation: Supports mental health and hormonal balance.
– Functional Medicine: Personalized care addressing root causes
✔ Limit alcohol and caffeine
✔ Stay hydrated during the day (reduce intake 3 hours before bed)
✔ Quit smoking
✔ Keep sexual health in check
✔ Manage blood pressure and blood sugar
✔ Maintain a healthy waistline
✔ Reduce chronic stress
Not all herbs work equally — and none replace medical care. But some may support symptom relief or general prostate wellness.
Evidence-Supported Natural Options
Saw Palmetto: Mixed research; may help mild BPH symptoms.
Pygeum (Prunus africana):May support urinary flow and reduce nighttime urination.
Stinging Nettle Root:Anti-inflammatory; may support hormone balance.
Green Tea Extract:Rich in antioxidants; supports cellular health.
Lycopene:Helpful antioxidant; best absorbed from cooked tomatoes.
Zinc:Supports prostate tissue health (avoid excess supplementation).
⚠️ Important: Herbal remedies should complement—not replace—medical treatment. Always consult a qualified health professional.
1. Aidan Tree (Tetrapleura tetraptera): Fruit, seeds, bark
2. Bitter Leaf (Vernonia amygdalina): Leaves
3. Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens): Fruit
4. Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica): Leaves, bark, seeds
5. Guava Tree (Psidium guajava): Leaves, fruit
6. Pawpaw Tree (Carica papaya): Fruit, leaves
7. Moringa Tree (Moringa oleifera): Leaves, seeds
8. Baobab Tree (Adansonia digitata): Fruit, leaves
9. Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium): Fruit, leaves
10. Ginger (Zingiber officinale): Rhizome
11. Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Rhizome
12. African Basil (Ocimum gratissimum): Leaves
13. Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus): Leaves
14. Kola Nut (Cola nitida): Seeds
15. Yohimbe Tree (Pausinystalia johimbe): Bark
16. Pygeum Tree (Prunus africana): Bark
17. Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica): Leaves, roots
18. Goko Tree (Theobroma cacao): Seeds
19. Dogonyaro Tree (Azadirachta indica): Leaves, seeds
20. Eucalyptus Tree (Eucalyptus globulus): Leaves
Please note that while these plants have been used in traditional medicine, their efficacy and safety may vary. Consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies, especially if you have a pre-existing medical condition or are taking medications.
– Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Testing: Blood test to detect prostate cancer
– Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): Physical examination to detect prostate abnormalities
Age: Risk increases after 50.
Family History: Having a father or brother with prostate cancer doubles risk.
Ethnicity: African men face higher risk and more aggressive forms of prostate cancer.
Lifestyle: Poor diet, inactivity, and smoking contribute significantly.
Prostate health is a critical aspect of men’s wellness. By incorporating these proven strategies and herbal remedies, you can transform your life and reduce the risk of prostate problems.
Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.
This article is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice. Please consult a healthcare provider for personalized guidance.
World Health Organization – Global Cancer Observatory (Prostate Cancer Fact Sheet, 2025)
Nigerian Cancer Registry – Prostate Cancer Data (Globocan Nigeria, 2025)
Giovannucci E. et al. Tomatoes, lycopene, and prostate cancer: review of epidemiologic studies. J Natl Cancer Inst.
World Cancer Research Fund – Diet and Prostate Cancer Risk (2024 Report)
Harvard School of Public Health – Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention
National Cancer Institute (NIH) – Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines
American Journal of Men’s Health – Herbal Approaches to Prostate Disease
Wande Apanisile is Consultant Pharmacist WAPCP, Pharmacologist and Naturopath.
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